Filing 2290 in Vermont
Understanding Form 2290 and Heavy Vehicle Use Tax in Vermont (2025-2026)
As a trucking professional operating in Vermont, understanding and complying with the Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (HVUT) is crucial. This guide provides a depth-first approach to filing Form 2290 specifically for the 2025-2026 tax year. Form 2290 is used to report and pay the HVUT, which applies to heavy highway vehicles operating on public roads with a taxable gross weight of 55,000 pounds or more. Failing to file and pay on time can result in significant penalties.
Who Needs to File Form 2290 in Vermont?
If you operate a heavy vehicle in Vermont (or any other state) and it meets the following criteria, you are generally required to file Form 2290:
- The vehicle has a taxable gross weight of 55,000 pounds or more.
- The vehicle operates on public highways.
Taxable gross weight includes the unloaded weight of the truck, trailer, and any other equipment, plus the maximum load carried by the vehicle. Even if you are based outside of Vermont but your vehicle operates on Vermont roads, you are subject to the HVUT. This includes vehicles registered in Canada or Mexico operating within the U.S.
Form 2290 Filing Deadline for 2025-2026
The filing deadline for Form 2290 is generally August 31st of each year, covering the period from July 1st of that year to June 30th of the following year. For the 2025-2026 tax year, the deadline is August 31, 2025. However, if you place a new taxable vehicle into service after July, you must file Form 2290 by the last day of the month following the month the vehicle was first used on public highways.
For example, if you put a new truck into service on October 15, 2025, you must file Form 2290 for that truck by November 30, 2025.
How to File Form 2290
The IRS encourages taxpayers to file Form 2290 electronically. E-filing is faster, more accurate, and provides immediate confirmation of receipt. You can file electronically through an IRS-approved e-file provider. These providers typically offer software or online services that guide you through the filing process.
Alternatively, you can file Form 2290 by mail. You can download the form and instructions from the IRS website (irs.gov). If filing by mail, send the completed form and your payment to the address listed in the Form 2290 instructions for your state. Be sure to check the IRS website for the most up-to-date mailing addresses, as they can change.
Information Needed to File Form 2290
Before you begin filing Form 2290, gather the following information:
- Your Employer Identification Number (EIN). You must have an EIN to file Form 2290.
- Your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) for each vehicle.
- The taxable gross weight of each vehicle.
- Your business name and address.
Paying the HVUT
You can pay the HVUT electronically when you e-file Form 2290. Acceptable payment methods include:
- Electronic Funds Withdrawal (EFW) from your bank account.
- Credit card or debit card (through an IRS-approved payment processor).
- Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).
If you file Form 2290 by mail, you can pay by check or money order made payable to the U.S. Treasury. Include your EIN, the tax year (2025-2026), and Form 2290 on your payment.
Form 2290 Schedule 1
After filing Form 2290, you will receive Schedule 1 as proof of payment. Keep Schedule 1 in a safe place, as you will need to present it to register your vehicle with the Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles (or any other state's DMV). Schedule 1 shows that you have paid the HVUT for the vehicle.
Penalties for Late Filing or Payment
The IRS imposes penalties for late filing and late payment of the HVUT. The penalty for late filing is 4.5% of the tax due per month or part of a month that the return is late, up to a maximum of 22.5%. The penalty for late payment is 0.5% of the unpaid tax for each month or part of a month that the tax remains unpaid, up to a maximum of 25%. Interest also accrues on unpaid taxes.
What is the current HVUT rate for the 2025-2026 tax year?
For most vehicles, the HVUT rate is $550 per year for vehicles with a taxable gross weight of 55,000 pounds or more. There is also an additional $27.50 for each 1,000 pounds (or fraction thereof) over 55,000 pounds. Refer to the IRS Form 2290 instructions for the precise calculation.
What if I sell a truck during the tax year?
If you sell a truck during the tax year, you may be eligible for a credit or refund of the HVUT you paid. You will need to file Form 8849, Claim for Refund of Excise Taxes, to claim the credit or refund. Keep records of the sale date and the buyer's information.
What happens if I make a mistake on Form 2290?
If you discover an error on Form 2290 after filing, you will need to file an amended return. Use Form 2290 and mark the 'Amended Return' box. Correct the error and resubmit the form. Be sure to include an explanation of the changes.
Do I need to file Form 2290 if my vehicle is only used for agricultural purposes?
Vehicles used exclusively for agricultural purposes may be exempt from the HVUT. However, you must meet specific requirements to qualify for the exemption. Review the Form 2290 instructions carefully to determine if your vehicle qualifies. If exempt, you still file Form 2290 and claim the exemption.
Where can I find the Form 2290 instructions and the form itself?
You can download Form 2290 and its instructions from the IRS website (irs.gov). Search for "Form 2290" in the search bar. Always use the most recent version of the form and instructions.
If I lease my truck to another company, who is responsible for filing Form 2290?
Generally, the person in whose name the vehicle is registered is responsible for filing Form 2290 and paying the HVUT. If the truck is registered in your name, you are responsible, even if you lease it to another company. Consult the IRS guidelines or a tax professional for specific leasing arrangements.
4 Simple Steps to File
Gather Vehicle Info
Have your VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) and Gross Taxable Weight ready. You can find the VIN on your registration or dashboard.
Choose Tax Period
Select the current tax year (July 1 - June 30). If filing late, our system automatically calculates prorated taxes for you.
E-File with IRS
Submit your return securely. We check for common errors before sending to the IRS to prevent rejections.
Get Schedule 1
Receive your IRS-stamped Schedule 1 proof of payment via email instantly once accepted. No waiting for mail.